Certified Pediatric Hematology Oncology Nurse (CPHON) Practice Exam

Hypoxia and acidosis are critical concerns in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD), and certain environmental and physiological factors can exacerbate these conditions. Exposure to cold temperatures can indeed lead to increased chances of hypoxia or acidosis in individuals with SCD. When a person with sickle cell disease is exposed to cold temperatures, it can cause vasoconstriction, which reduces blood flow and can lead to sickling of red blood cells. This sickling can obstruct small blood vessels and impede oxygen delivery to tissues, resulting in hypoxia. The lack of oxygen in tissues can subsequently cause metabolic changes, leading to acidosis as the metabolic byproducts accumulate. Therefore, exposure to cold environments poses a significant risk for patients with SCD as it can trigger pain crises and other complications associated with oxygen deprivation. Understanding these environmental risks is essential for effective management and prevention of crises in this population.